Sustainable deployment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for primary schools in the Al-Andalus district municipality

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the sustainable application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in analyzing the spatial distribution of primary education schools in Al-Andalus Municipality and forecasting future educational needs. The study employed spatial analysis techniques, including population and education distribution indicators, the Lorenz curve, road network density, Near analysis, and spatial suitability modeling up to the year 2036. The results revealed significant spatial disparities in the distribution of schools and students, with a clear concentration in specific areas closely associated with population density and urban structure. The average classroom density was 26.6 students per class, while the enrollment rate reached 81.5% for the 6–14 age group, with higher rates for females (88.4%) compared to males (75%). The Lorenz curve indicated a moderate spatial imbalance in educational service distribution. Suitability modeling identified a need for 13 additional schools by 2036. The study concludes that integrating GIS enhances educational planning efficiency, spatial equity, and urban sustainability.